Review Questions
Section 1: Clean
1. When should you wash your hands?
Wash your hands before fixing or eating food; after touching raw meat, raw poultry, raw fish, or raw eggs; after meals and snacks; after using the toilet; after changing diapers (remember to wash the hands of the diapered child too!); after helping a child at the toilet; whenever hands come in contact with body fluids including vomit, saliva, and runny noses; and after playing outside or touching animals. Basically, wash your hands as often as possible to avoid spreading bacteria.
2. How should you wash your hands?
Wash your hands with soap and warm, running water. Scrub for 20 seconds and then rinse. Use paper towels to dry your hands.
3. How long should you scrub your hands?
Scrub your hands for 20 seconds. Then rinse.
4. How can you decrease outbreaks of diarrhea in daycares?
Diarrheal outbreaks in daycares could be cut in half by requiring staff to wash their hands and the child's hands after changing diapers.
5. What is the difference between disinfecting and sanitizing?
Disinfecting refers to cleaning surfaces with the use of chemicals, which usually eliminates virtually all germs. Sanitizing is a less rigorous cleaning that removes filth or soil and some bacteria.
6. What items should be sanitized regularly?
Toys, kitchen surfaces (such as tables and counters), cutting boards, food preparation equipment (such as mixers), and high chair trays should be sanitized regularly.
7. How should you disinfect the surface you use to change diapers?
Disinfect the surface you use to change diapers with a disinfecting solution, which consists of one Tablespoon household bleach in one quart of water. Spray the solution on the surface used to change diapers. Allow one minute of contact time before wiping dry with a clean paper towel.
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Section 2: Separate
1. What can you do to prevent bacteria in raw foods from causing foodborne illnesses?
There are several ways to prevent foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial contamination from raw foods:
- Separate raw meat, raw poultry, and raw seafood from other foods in your shopping cart and in your refrigerator.
- Use one cutting board for raw meat, raw poultry, and raw seafood. Use a different one for vegetables.
- Always wash hands, cutting boards, dishes, and utensils with hot soapy water after they come in contact with raw meat, raw poultry, raw seafood, or raw eggs.
- Never place cooked food on a plate that previously held raw meat, raw poultry, raw seafood, or raw eggs.
2. Give an example of a raw food contaminating a cooked food.
These are two examples of a raw food contaminating a cooked food:
- You are making dinner. You use your cutting board to cut up some beef to make stew. Then you slice a loaf of bread on the same cutting board without washing it first.
- You are making fried chicken for a picnic. You take the raw chicken out of its wrapper. Then you transfer macaroni salad into a plastic container without washing your hands first.
3. Give an example of a raw food contaminating another raw food that is ready-to-eat.
These are two examples of a raw food contaminating another raw food that is ready-to-eat:
- You are making dinner. You use your cutting board to cut up some raw fish fillets. Then you slice cabbage for coleslaw on the same cutting board without washing it first.
- You are making breakfast. You crack eggs to make scrambled eggs. Then you prepare a fruit salad without washing your hands first.
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Section 3: Cook
1. Why should foods be cooked thoroughly?
Foods should be thoroughly cooked to kill bacteria that can cause foodborne illnesses.
2. What is the best way to ensure that foods are thoroughly cooked?
Using a thermometer is the best way to make sure that foods are cooked to appropriate temperatures.
3. What temperature should ground beef reach when it is cooked?
160 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. What consistency should eggs be when they are thoroughly cooked?
Both the egg yolk and the egg white should be firm. They should not be runny.
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Section 4: Chill
1. How should you cool cooked foods?
Cooked foods should be transferred into shallow containers less than three inches deep to speed cooling. These containers should then be placed in the refrigerator immediately.
2. How should you thaw foods?
Thaw foods in the refrigerator, in the microwave, or under cold running water. If you thaw food in the microwave, plan to cook it right away. Food should not be thawed on the table or counter top because the outer part of the food thaws more quickly than the center and bacteria can begin to multiply.
3. Why should you throw away foods that have been served to children?
Foods served on children's plates should be thrown away because the bacteria from their mouths could get on food and begin to multiply. Perishable food put on the table may be at a dangerous temperature for too long and can become contaminated by children's hands.
4. Name three foods that need to stay cold.
The following are all foods that need to stay cold:- Meat and poultry sandwiches
- Meat and poultry salads
- Tuna and egg salads
- Milk, cheese, and yogurt
- Opened cans of fruit or pudding
- Peeled or cut fruits and vegetables
5. Name three foods that can remain at room temperature.
The following are all foods that can remain at room temperature:- Peanut butter sandwiches
- Cookies
- Crackers
- Commercially dried fruit
- Unopened cans of fruit or pudding
- Unopened juice boxes
- Fruit-filled pastries
Section 5: Babies
1. How should you wash baby bottles?
Wash baby bottles, bottle caps, and nipples in the dishwasher. If you wash them by hand, wash them in warm water with dish soap. Rinse well and then boil for five minutes.
2. Why shouldn't you use a microwave to warm baby bottles?
Never warm baby bottles in a microwave. Microwaves heat to very high temperatures and heat unevenly. They could make a portion of the milk too hot. The baby's mouth and throat could be scalded.
3. Why shouldn't you put babies to sleep with baby bottles?
Babies should not be put to sleep with baby bottles because the milk pooled in the baby's mouth can allow bacteria to grow on teeth and cause tooth decay. Milk also can get into the ear canal and cause ear infections.
4. Why should you throw away any leftover milk or formula that remains in the bottle?
Throw away milk or formula that remains in the bottle because bacteria from the baby's mouth contaminates the milk or formula. These bacteria can multiply before the milk or formula is served again. Too many bacteria can make the baby sick.
5. For how many days can you refrigerate breast milk?
You can refrigerate breast milk for no more than two days. You also can freeze breast milk and use it within two weeks.
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